| According to local historian Gwen McWilliam, the first band in the Hawthorn (Boroondara) area was probably associated with the Hawthorn and Kew Rifles or Company of Volunteers. They met in "Lynch's large room" in Grace Park not far from Glenferrie Oval.[1] The South Bourke Standard (3.5.1861) reported that Mr. W. Smart was training the "Volunteers Band of Fife and Drum.....entertaining our evenings". This band contributed music with other volunteer bands during some military training marches at the time.[2] This ensemble seems to have disbanded by early 1863 due to players deserting “once they knew how to play”![3] This was possibly the band that played for the laying of the foundation stone for the first Hawthorn Town Hall in 1861. The South Bourke Standard made reference to a band in Camberwell in 1870. A few years later, Camberwell Literary & Debating Society hosted a "newly formed orchestral band".[4] The first mention of a brass band in Hawthorn itself was in 1873 when one Edward Chandler sought expressions of interest in forming a “town band”.[5] A local cricket club held a function in 1877 where “Hawthorn Band” offered their first-known performance.[6] The Boroondara Horticultural Society engaged the band to play at their Grand Spring Show in 1880.[7] 1882 to 1900 There appears to have been increasing contact (or even a merger) with a band in Kew but further information regarding this is unknown at time of writing. In 1886, the Melton Athletic Sports day featured the “Kew and Hawthorn Brass band.[8] Mention of a stand-alone “Hawthorn Band” appeared at the start of 1888 when the Auburn Mechanics Institute band changed its name to ‘Hawthorn Band’.[9] It is not known if this had any connection with previously mentioned ensembles in the area. According to The Standard of 23 Nov. 1888 ".....a laudable effort (was) to be made to increase the funds of the Hawthorn Town Brass band". From this time, regular appearances were common with street marches, public concerts and hospital fundraising on record. In the late 1890’s the band was conducted by Edgar Goslin; of particular note was a ‘hospital collection’ performance on 29 Oct. 1899 at Boroondara East Recreation Reserve and one for the Empire Patriotic Fund at the Kew Tram Sheds on 18 Feb. 1900.[10] Goslin was held in such high esteem that he was sent a testimonial letter of thanks[11] by the band on the occasion of his appointment as conductor of the Surrey Hills Brass Band.[12] Regular local performances, benefit concerts and trade marches continued into the 1900’s, including a concert in the Kew Tram Sheds in February 1900[13] and the Grace Park College Club fete in 1903.[14] Screenings of the 1906 movie “Living Hawthorn” were accompanied with live performances by the band and vocalists.[15] On Thurs. 21st March 1907 the band took a leading role in the Citizens’ Open-Air Promenade Concert at the Sports Grounds, Grace Park (Glenferrie Oval) which also featured several local primary schools and ‘moving pictures’.[16] 1909 was an important year for Hawthorn City Band. Despite existing in some form since the 1870’s, this was the first year the Hawthorn City Council bestowed “patronage” on the group by providing rehearsal space.[17] The band had a problem with lack of players. Hawthorn Mayor Burton worked towards a merger with the Hawthorn Naval Cadets Band[18] which was confirmed around this time. 1910’s The band’s conductor at this time was John Booth Gore. His arrival (and the afore-mentioned Naval Cadets merger) commenced a steady improvement in the playing standard of the group, witnessed by success in the 1913 A.N.A. Exhibition band contest results.[19] A high-profile engagement during that year was the opening the electric tram route to Cotham Rd. Kew. The band played at the intersection of Glenferrie & Burwood Rds. as part of the celebrations.[20] An innovative fundraising initiative was the Fancy Dress Ball which gained the attention of the local press.[21] Under conductor Booth Gore the playing standard of the ensemble improved with successes in C-Grade at the A.N.A. competition and Shepparton & Daylesford A-Grade contests. Just after Christmas the band travelled to Daylesford to combine with their local band for the annual Catholic carnival.[22] In 1914, local state MP William McPherson KBE anonymously donated the funds for a band rotunda in St. James Park (West Hawthorn).[23] This was situated in the western part of the park on the hill near the Bowls Club. The band played at Hawthorn V.F.A. games at Glenferrie Oval.[24] These football engagements continued on-and-off until at least the 1970’s. In aid of the bands finances to enter the Ballarat competition, they presented their “Second Annual Gala & Fete” at Glenferrie Oval on Sat. 14 October[25] with "merry-go-rounds, goat races, pillow fighting, maypole dancing" and the band playing to "a crowd of about 4000".[26] The musical highlight of the day was a massed band performance during which Hawthorn was joined by the combined bands of Prahran, Collingwood, Richmond, Kew and Fitzroy. There was a series of fundraising efforts around that time arranged by the band Ladies Committee at the Hawthorn Town Hall. They featured dancing and euchre card tournaments.[27] “Smoke Socials” were popular at this time.[28] In return for financial support from the City Council, the band performed 12 concerts around the municipality on Sunday afternoons and Thursday evenings from February to April 1915.[29] In February there was an unusual play-out with the band playing aboard the PS Hygeia for a bay cruise hosted by the Accountants and Clerks’ Association.[30] With the First World War in full swing, there were many patriotic engagements undertaken over the next few years, including a Monster Cigarette Carnival[31] and the Win-The-War Fete which included an actual tank driving around the streets of Hawthorn[32]. At this time, the band rehearsed in a space provided by the local Council “alongside the….baths and near the Roman Catholic Church in Glenferrie Rd.”[33] One of the more unusual playing engagements was playing onboard the PS Hygeia for an evening bay cruise hosted by the Accountants and Clerks’ Association.[34] This period saw Hawthorn compete regularly in C-Grade and continued to contribute to local event such as the Riversdale Fete in 1919. The program for this engagement was as follows…..[35] March: “The Contemptibles” (Stanley) Waltz: “Thoughts” (Alford) Selection: “Faust” (Gounod) Serenade: “Amina” (Tincke) Waltz: “Missouri” (Logan & Eppel) Operatic: “Barcarole from Tales of Hoffman” (Offenbach) March: “The Middy” (Alford) Over time, Hawthorn City shared many engagements with the Hawthorn Salvation Army Band.[36] 1920’s Given the band’s rise through competition rankings, some lead players began to feature in instrument advertising endorsements. In 1920 the Ballarat-based Victorian Band Association (VBA) promoted Hawthorn City Band to A-Grade status.[37] The next year saw MP William McPherson repeat his generosity of 1914 by providing a rotunda in Henry St. Central Gardens.[38] The VBA by this time seemed to be losing the confidence of city bands in regards to contesting. In a letter entitled “VBA Methods/Menace”[39], a band follower suggested that if Collingwood, Malvern and Hawthorn, being “gods of the Victorian band world”, would influence all other bands to switch if a Melbourne-based organisation existed. In December of 1922, the band played for land auctions at “Camberwell City Heights”.[40] The mid-1920’s saw the formation of the Australian Commonwealth Band under the baton of Albert Baile who enjoyed great local and UK success leading the Newcastle Steelworks Band. This group drew membership from around Australia and toured Canada, USA, South Africa, New Zealand and England from 1926 to 1928. Hawthorn was represented by Alfred Paxton and Fred Meyers. Alf Cornish was from another band and his son and grandson went on to play with Hawthorn in future years. This decade witnessed the rise of bands undertaking radio broadcasts. Hawthorn performed many times over the years, often on 3LO, 3AR and 3DB.[41] In December 1927 the band invited tenders for new uniforms. [42]Principal Cornetist Alf Paxton became Musical Director in 1928. 1930’s The already-mentioned unhappiness with the Victorian Bands Association by city based bands came to a head on Friday 10 April 1931 with band administrator H. J. “Horrie” Sullivan convening a meeting at the Melbourne Town Hall which was “largely attended”. According to Sullivan, at the time there were 37 bands in Melbourne with 28 (including Hawthorn) already signed up to the new Victorian Bands League and it was hoped that a majority of the 150+ country bands would also join. The new V.B.L. was duly constituted that year with Hawthorn a founding signatory. The next month, the band reprised its accompanying role with the rescreening of the 1906 film “Living Hawthorn” as well as dancing engagements at such places as the Zeigfeld Palais in Glenferrie Rd. and at the Ferny Creek & Sherbrooke Centenary celebrations. The year 1933 witnessed a huge massed bands display at the Melbourne Cricket Ground where Hawthorn participated with 23 other Victorian bands.[43] That year a corrugated iron band room was built by the members on Council land behind the western end of Glenferrie Oval. This was a valuable resource in its day as many bands then, as now, do not enjoy a permanent base which is not shared with any other entity. For years there has been much confusion regarding the commencement of the band. Most likely in reference to the Council undertaking to support the band in 1909 (see above), the 25th Anniversary was observed in June of 1934.[44] This year saw the band win the South Street A-Grade championships in Ballarat and perform at the Melbourne Motor Show in the Royal Exhibition Buildings.[45] Now regarded as their first A-Grade National Championship, winning the 1935 Melbourne Centenary Contest opened up many opportunities. Of note was a season of playing prior to the movie “Public Hero Number 1” at the St. Kilda Palais[46]…..resplendent in white uniforms! Competition success was confirmed by winning the Victorian A-Grade championship between 1934 and ’37. Now firmly amongst the top Australian bands, they often appeared in massed performances with other top Melbourne bands.[47] The band travelled to Brisbane in 1937 and placed 2nd in A-Grade at the nationals. Other local engagements included Melbourne Zoo on several occasions.[48] Conductor Paxton proved to be a prolific and talented music arranger. In 1938, the band performed his setting of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony in its entirety at Hawthorn Town Hall, the first-and-only time this has been done.[49] Such was the band’s reputation at the time, at the start of 1939 they were invited to the USA to appear at the Michigan State Fair, possibly combined with a stop-off in New Zealand.[50] [51] Paxton’s arranging for brass band continued apace with Tchaikovsky’s Fifth Symphony in its entirety, again in Hawthorn Town Hall.[52] In the audience was (the later Sir) Malcolm Sargent who signed the conductor’s score, as did all players on the last page. Little did anyone suspect that the world would be once again plunged into conflict before years end. 1940’s In 1940, Hawthorn split from the Victorian Bands League with several other top bands to help form Horrie Sullivan's rebel Victorian Band Association. (Hawthorn delegate Alec Leffanue was later cited as being instrumental in the reintegration of both groups in 1946, Hawthorn re-affiliating on 25 January, 1947). The band lost its hall to the Volunteer Defence Corp early in the war for a short time. Despite obvious tribulations, strong community support was evident with Mayor Cr. Pridmore already a Committee member and “Trustee” as well as J. Fowler (of Vacola food preserving fame) who was elected as band President in 1940. In July the band led the Volunteer Defence Corp on their first route march of two miles through the main streets of Hawthorn.[53] Regular Melbourne City Council free park recitals continued[54] as did radio broadcasts on stations such as 3LO Melbourne[55] and 4QG Brisbane.[56] Having battled tuberculosis for several years, Alf Paxton moved with his family to Brisbane to a climate better suited to managing his illness.[57] He was gratefully accepted as conductor of Brisbane Excelsior Band upon his arrival,[58] helping to improve the standard of banding in Queensland. He eventually succumbed to the condition in 1944.[59] Long-time player Norm U'ren replaced him as Musical Director. Despite losing 19 players to wartime service (with one making the ‘supreme sacrifice’), the band continued playing patriotic and community events such as at Wesley Church, St. Paul’s Cathedral and parks under the auspices of the Melbourne City Council.[60] For Hospital Sunday in 1944, the Melbourne City Council presented a ‘massed bands’ event in the Alexandra Gardens where Hawthorn joined with eleven other bands, including Kew City.[61] With peace from 1945, community concerts and fundraising continued[62] as well as massed band performances for the Melbourne City Council. Over the Australia Day weekend of 1948, the band were the guests of Warrnambool Band. As all bands took some time to rebuild after the massive social upheavals, the first post-war Ballarat contest was not held until that year with Hawthorn gaining first in major "A Grade" title. Their major-work repertoire choices were “Themes from Beethoven’s 9th Symphony” (arr. Ball) and “Epic Symphony” (Fletcher). They played at the 1949 International Motor Show and continued with the annual ANZAC Day marches in Melbourne. The band continued to be heard on the radio.[63] 1950’s The first year of this decade witnessed Hawthorn scoring two 2nd placings, in the Nationals and at Ballarat. Two years later they scored a first at Ballarat. The early ‘50’s also saw several young players join who were to excerpt some influence, either musically or otherwise over the next generation; Vincent Fryer taught brass to many youngsters (author included) and Sam Coffa[64] went on to become a successful weightlifter and sports administrator. Melbourne City Council park and town hall concerts continued[65] with Preston and Kingsville-Yarraville although any poor attendance numbers at the 1950 October concert would be a test as too where these events would continue into the next year.[66] Radio broadcasts also continued to be common in that pre-television era.[67] The coronation of Queen Elizabeth was cause for great celebration in 1953. Hawthorn enjoyed a prime performance spot outside the G.P.O in Bourke St. Melbourne performing with the Myer Choir.[68] This era saw the band’s patrons include Prime Minister Robert Menzies, Sir William Angliss and Fowlers Vacola Manufacturing.[69] Not neglecting the local community, Hawthorn City played a benefit for the Auburn South Preschool Association at Anderson Park (Auburn) in March 1954.[70] 1960’s The City of Hawthorn celebrated its centenary in 1960. The band was part of two events; on Saturday 30th July there was a Grand Parade along Burwood Rd. and a band contest at Glenferrie Oval and Town Hall the next Sunday 7th of August.[71] Hawthorn Football Club's first premiership witnessed wild celebrations at the Glenferrie Oval in 1961 when the band played the club song many times to an enthusiastic throng awaiting the arrival of the team on that momentous September evening. By the mid 1960’s, Prime Minister Robert Menzies was still one of the band patrons.[72] During Easter of 1963, Hawthorn paid a social visit to Burnie in Tasmania; this included a performance in Burnie Park and a visit to the local Cenotaph.[73] With the introduction of television to Australia in 1956, it became increasingly rare for community bands to be broadcast on radio. One exception was on Canberra radio 2CA in 1964, most likely via record.[74] Norm U’ren was still Musical Director at this time, although some disquiet was evident with a petition of “no confidence” by 16 players on 1 March 1965. Advertisements for his replacement were posted even as far afield as in the prestigious “British Bandsman” weekly, drawing enquiries from the U.K. and Canada. A Mr. Broadbent became the successful incumbent but his tenure appears to have lasted barely 12 months; it appears that some legal action arose from his short tenure. Arguably the first step towards Hawthorn's re-emergence as a top-frame band was the appointment of New Zealand virtuoso Ken Smith in 1967 (until 1971). 1970’s At the 1971 Ballarat South Street solo-and-party contest, the band’s Principal Euphonium player Vincent Fryer won both his section and the Champion-of-Champions title, while Keith Bulman and Max Hunter gained 2nd placing in the “Quartet – any instruments” section.[75] Ken Smith was replaced as Musical Director by Sqdn. Ldr. Laurie Hicks in 1972 and the band's first National ‘A-Grade’ hat-trick followed in 1975-6-7. This was followed by a close 2nd in 1978 and a win again in 1979. Band members added two extra rooms to the back of the band hall in 1972. Hicks also conducted the City of Sandringham Choral Society. This choir joined with Hawthorn for a Gala Concert at Dallas Brooks Hall in East Melbourne in May the next year. Other artists were opera singer Peter Pianella, Ken Smith on trumpet and pianist Mavis Durham. At the 1974 VBL Solo & Party championships, an ensemble from the band won the Open Septette section. Of special note, when Hicks was in charge of the RAAF Central Band, they visited the island nation of Narau in 1968 during their independence celebrations. He composed a special song for the occasion which caught the attention of the President. After consulting his Cabinet, he asked if it could become their national anthem.[76] Footscray-Yarraville City Band had won the Nationals A-Grade in 1972-3-4 but they did not compete in 1975 due to preparations for their Canadian tour. However the two bands performed a combined concert at Camberwell Civic Centre in November that year…..they were arguably the two best bands in Australia at the time. 1980’s Hawthorn commenced this decade by winning the 1981 nationals in Burnie, Tasmania. Somewhat ironically, the band gained financial sponsorship from the Rothmans of Pall Mall tobacco company.[77] Not unsurprisingly, an invitation came to compete in the 1982 British Open Championships in Free Trade Hall, Manchester and the extra sponsorship money certainly helped to cover the $138,000 cost to travel and compete.[78] Another funding source was the Australia Council who contributed $2500.[79] The band stopped off in Tokyo on the way and were accompanied by band President and Hawthorn MP Walter Jona. Cornet virtuoso David King was Principal Cornet and this tour gave him impetus to enter the British band scene; he is now a highly respected music educator, adjudicator and conductor there. By tradition, only the first six places are announced; Hawthorn reportedly performed well to place mid-field among such legendary bands as Black Dyke, Grimethorpe, Fodens and Corey.[80] There were also performances in Hyde Park London and Spennymoor in County Durham as well as being broadcast on the BBC. The BBC program:[81] Elegy from “A Downland Suite” “Clear Skies” (Cornet solo) David King “Concerto for Trombone” Merve Preusker In 1984 Hawthorn was named ABC Band of the Year.[82] There was another successful ‘hit-trick’ at the Nationals in 1985-6-7 with Ken MacDonald taking the baton from 1986.[83] Originally from England, he had been Principal Cornet with both Grimethorpe and Black Dyke bands. The band also benefited greatly with other expatriate Grimethorpe players Tom Paulin and Tom Miller. The Bicentennial celebrations of 1988 saw Hawthorn contribute like many community ensembles, including Morwell in country Victoria.[84] They also contributed to the time capsule in St. James Park in West Hawthorn.[85] 1990’s Uncertainty regarding the band’s history surfaced with the 1990 “Centenary Celebration Concert” in Robert Blackwood Hall” on 22nd Sept. 1990.[86] This proved to be a most fruitful decade with six Australian National titles[87]. Community and corporate events ensued including the Channel 7 televised 1992 Myer Christmas Parade. With the intention to compete in the USA in 1994, fundraising took on greater urgency. Possibly the most innovative event was the “Morning with Gabriel Gate” at his kitchen/business in Burwood Rd. Hawthorn in July 1993 where he instructed the attendees how to create a delicious lamb-and-vegetable dish. The band recorded “Colonial Brass” in Hawthorn Town Hall, the first-ever commercial CD (also cassette) by an Australian community band, engineered by Martin Pullan of Edensound Productions. This sold out quickly, necessitating a second edition which was released by Walsingham Classics (featuring a different cover).[88] Two weeks after winning the 1994 Nationals, the band flew to the USA for the North American Championships in Raleigh, Nth. Carolina and a series of concerts with local bands in four states. First stop was Chicago with a performance in Libertyville with the Illinois Brass Band. Next to New York with Gramercy Brass in Symphony Space on Broadway. The next leg involved a flight to North Carolina then long bus ride to Cullowhee for a concert at University of West Carolina. This was possibly the least successful part of the tour as the band arrived too late to take a workshop for students in the afternoon and then the ticket price for the evening concert proved to be too expensive for some students. The motel accommodation in Cullowhee was so cramped that the band left for the Raleigh a day early. The competition itself was fully successful for the band, winning Championship Grade as well as performing the Gala Concert to a packed house. The program…. 1: “Fanfare and Flourishes” (Curnow) 2: “Ruler of the Spirits” (Weber arr. Gay) 3: “Napoli” (Bellstedt arr. Brand) – Soloist Ian Holmes 4: “Shepherds Song” (arr. Richards) 5: “Higgyjig” (Richards) – Soloist Wendy Steele 6: “Simply Grand Minuet” (PDQ Bach) 7: “Sugar Blues” (Williams arr. Morrison) – Soloist Jason Mears 8: “An Australian Fantasy” (Langford) 9: “Fantasia on Tico Tico” (Bourgeois) 10: “Rhapsody of Euphonium” (Curnow) 11: “Irish Tune from County Derry” (Grainger arr. Wright) 12: “Concert Etude” (Goedicke arr. Broughton) – Soloist Merve Preusker 13: “Duet for Two Cats” (Rossini arr. Snell) – M. Preusker & J. Mears 14: “English Heritage” (Lloyd) 15: “Waltzing Matilda” (arr. Langford) 16: “Stars and Stripes Forever” (Sousa) The final part of this tour was to perform with the US Army Brass Band at Fort Myer, Virginia. This visit also included playing at the residence of the Australian ambassador and attending the ANZAC Day service at Washington National Cathedral. The band’s success attracted some welcome attention in the Melbourne press.[89] Next project was recording the second CD entitled “Australian Fantasy”, again at Hawthorn Town Hall. Winning the Nationals again in Brisbane the next year gave Hawthorn their 3rd three-in-a-row, a feat not equalled by any other band. The main highlight of 1997 was hosting Scottish tenor horn virtuoso Sheona White for two concerts in Melbourne and the Latrobe Valley. This year saw ex-Musical Director Laurie Hicks pass away on 21 April.[90] Two years later the island nation of Nauru issued two postage stamps in his honour as he had composed their national anthem in 1968.[91] One-time Salvationist Ross Johnson became MD in 1998. The Melbourne Nationals that Easter proved to very contentious. When Hawthorn engaged Sheona White (UK) to play on Solo Horn, one band in particular encouraged others to join them in protesting her presence and despite Hawthorn meeting all legal requirements with the Victorian Bands League ratifying her participation, the protest was somehow upheld on the night.[92] The band bounced back to claim the 1999 Adelaide Nationals and competed in the New Zealand National Band Championships.[93] 2000’s Prior to Johnson’s departure in 2000, the band CD released Glasshouse Sketches [Muso's Media #MM2-003]. Ex-CWS (Manchester) and Grimethorpe virtuoso cornet Tom Paulin was next to take up the baton as Musical Director having sat in the top cornet chair at Hawthorn. He led the band to a Victorian championship in 2003[94] and Nationals success in Launceston Tasmania in 2004.[95] This made Hawthorn the most successful Australian band ever, winning 15 A-Grade titles in 29 years. This era saw Bendigo-based Muso’s Media release an annual compilation CD of Nationals highlights with Hawthorn featuring often. The mid-2000’s saw the band’s fortunes slip a little with less podium finishes. This period witnessed more frequent changes of conductor. Access to the old band hall came into question with the local Boroondara Council which was reluctant to repair the now-dilapidated 1930’s hall, even hinting that the band itself should look around for alternative accommodation.[96] [97] Howard Ward picked up the baton for a short time in 2005 only to be replaced that year by one-time Melbourne Symphony Orchestra player Peter Sykes (until 2011). He directed the band for the 774 ABC Melbourne Evening Show Brass Band Competition, winning in 2005. Although the band fell short in matching their previous Nationals successes, they enjoyed wins in the Victorian Championships, regionals and placings interstate including winning the Concert Piece section of the South Australian Championships in 2008.[98] The band continued with performances both within the local community and further afield. Sykes conducted the 2009 release of the “Bluestone & Brass” CD which was dedicated to Blessed Mary MacKillop. The group developed an entirely new repertoire of arrangements that he commissioned which became the backbone of their widely travelled concert work throughout the Victorian community[99]. This revitalized organization turned over a repertoire of more than 25 new pieces every three months, certainly an impressive achievement with many young faces onboard. A good indication of the MD’s innovating approach was that he changed the on-stage seating arrangements to “two large semi-circles”[100] with the rear one standing. Around early 2010, the local Council shifted the band into the ground floor of the Fergusson Grandstand at nearby Glenferrie Oval. The space was well fitted out with carpet and sound baffling attached to the high, odd-shaped roof. The space provided good rehearsal and storage areas as well as ample space for displaying band memorabilia. Interestingly, the old hall (and ground-keepers house next door) remained standing unused for several years after the relocation prior to demolition. 2010’s Champion Euphonium virtuoso and music educator Wayne Bowden became Hawthorn’s last Musical Director in 2011. Although not enjoying previous contesting success, the band contributed to both local and country appearances including the 130th anniversary concert of Warracknabeal Band in 2016 where had Wayne commenced his musical career. That year both Hawthorn and Kew bands were demoted to B-Grade, prompting an unfortunate exodus of some key players. Hawthorn begrudgingly accepted their fate and competed in that grade at Ballarat, coming 2nd to Boroondara Brass. Kew however took their case to VCAT[101], successfully retaining A-Grade status. With both ensembles suffering depleted numbers, they began to rehearse together from the start of 2017. Playing engagements were under the banner of “Hawthorn and Kew bands” and “Kew Band Melbourne” in A-Grade competitions under the direction of Kew MD Darren Cole. Wayne Bowden voluntarily stepped aside at the end of 2016. Phillipa Edwards was next to take over as MD and currently leads Glenferrie Brass. In November 2019, both entities formally merged to become “Glenferrie Brass – Hawthorn & Kew Bands Inc.”. Following the example of some other community bands, they formed Auburn Brass in 2024 under Sean Lambert as a vehicle for younger players and those more comfortable to play at a less competitive level. [1] Hawthorn Peppercorns, Gwen McWilliam - 1978 [2] Melbourne Leader (Vic.) – Sat. 6 July 1861, p.16 [3] Hawthorn Peppercorns, Gwen McWilliam - 1978 [4] Boroondara Council Letter Book - 8 Aug. 1878 [5] South Bourke Standard (Hawthorn, Vic.) – 28 Nov. 1873, p.2 [6] South Bourke & Mornington Standard (Richmond, Vic.) – 14 Feb. 1877, p.3 [7] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 4 Nov. 1880, p.4 [8] Independent (Footscray, Vic.) – 29 May 1886, p.3 [9] Boroondara Standard (Hawthorn, Vic.) – 22 Jan. 1888 [10] Edgar Goslin collection – posters, Glenferrie Brass archives [11] ibid. [12] Reporter (Box Hill, Vic.) – 19 Jan. 1900, p.2 [13] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 17 Feb. 1900 + poster in Glenferrie Brass archives [14] Australasian (Melbourne, Vic.) – 19 Sep. 1903, p.46 [15] Hawthorn & Camberwell Citizen (Vic.) – 9 Feb. 1907 [16] 1907 concert poster, Glenferrie Brass archives [17] Richmond Guardian (Vic.) – 22 May 1909 [18] Reporter (Box Hill, Vic.) – 12 May 1911, p.7 [19] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 3 Feb. 1913, p.10 [20] Prahran Telegraph (Vic.) – 7 Jun. 1913, p.8 [21] Punch (Melbourne, Vic.) – 2 Oct. 1913, p.35 [22] Argus (Melbourne, Vic.) – 27 Dec., 1913, p.10 [23] Hawthorn, Kew & Camberwell Citizen (Vic.) – 19 Jun. 1914, p.4 [24] Camberwell & Hawthorn Advertiser (Vic.) – 1 Aug. 1914, p.4 [25] Hawthorn, Kew, Camberwell Citizen (Vic.) – 25 Sep. 1914, p.5 [26] A history of Hawthorn (Peel, Zion & Yule) – 1993, p.84 [27] Camberwell & Hawthorn Advertiser (Vic.) – 2 Sep. 1914, p.5 [28] Ibid. – 20 Jun. 1914, p.3 [29] Hawthorn, Kew & Camberwell Citizen (Vic.) – 29 Jan. 1915, p.3 [30] Herald (Melbourne, Vic.) – 23 Feb. 1915, p.4 [31] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 4 Dec. 1915, p.18 [32] ibid – 1 Jun. 1917, p.12 [33] Brunswick & Coburg Leader (Vic.) – 21 Jul. 1916, p.3 [34] Herald (Melbourne, Vic.) – 23 Feb. 1915, p.4 - Advertising [35] Ibid.– 28 Nov. 1919, p.6 [36] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 7 Jul. 1919, p.8 [37] Argus (Melbourne, Vic.) – 17 Mar. 1920, p.9 [38] Herald (Melbourne, Vic.) – 28 Feb. 1921, p.8 [39] Sun (Melbourne, Vic.) – 23 Nov. 1923 [40] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 24 Nov. 1922, p.12 [41] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 12 Nov. 1927, p.19 [42] Ibid. – 15 Dec. 1927, p.20 [43] Handbill – Glenferrie Brass archive [44] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 18 Jun. 1934, p.11 [45] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 2 Jun. 1934, p.15 [46] Herald (Melbourne, Vic.) – 21 Feb. 1936, p.11 / Advertising [47] Herald (Melbourne, Vic.) – 4 Mar. 1937, p.8 / Advertising [48] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 20 May 1938, p.22 [49] Ibid. – 6 Sep. 1938, p.8 [50] Argus (Melbourne, Vic.) – 7 Feb. 1939, p.8 [51] Ibid. – p.16 [52] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 22 Jul. 1939, p.29 [53] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 5 July 1940, p.10 [54] Ibid. – 9 Nov. 1940, p.24 [55] Ibid. – 23 Sep. 1940, p.14 [56] Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld.) – 27 Apr. 1940, p.24 [57] Argus (Melbourne, Vic.) – 22 Feb. 1940, p.6 [58] Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld.) – 2 Mar. 1940, p.4 [59] Ibid. – 20 Sep. 1944, p.3 [60] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 2 Jan. 1944, p.8 / Amusements [61] Herald (Melbourne, Vic.) – 14 Oct. 1944, p.5 [62] Argus (Melbourne, Vic.) – 23 Feb. 1946 [63] Argus (Melbourne, Vic.) – 5 Nov. 1948, p.9 [64] Hawthorn City Band annual registration, 1952 – Glenferrie Brass archives [65] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 14 Jul. 1950, p.12 [66] Argus (Melbourne, Vic.) – 4 Oct. 1950, p.6 [67] Ibid. – 6 Feb. 1953, p.4 [68] Argus (Melbourne, Vic.) – 29 May 1953, p.6 [69] 1955 band letterhead – Glenferrie Brass archives [70] Age (Melbourne, Vic.) – 26 Mar. 1954, p.7 [71] Poster, Glenferrie Brass archives [72] Menzies letter – 6 Feb. 1962 – Glenferrie Brass archives [73] Advocate (Burnie, Tas.) – 15 Apr. 1963, p.5 [74] Canberra Times (ACT) – 23 Dec. 1964, p.10 [75] Press cutting – author’s archive [76] Australasian Bandsman (Bathurst, NSW) – March 1973, p.17 [77] Progress Press (Hawthorn, Vic.) – 31 Mar. 1982, p.6 [78] British Bandsman (Oxfordshire, UK) – 4 Sep. 1982, p.2 [79] “Australia Council – Council Programs” Annual Report – 30 Jun. 1984, p.168 [80] Ozoompah (Bexley, NSW) – Nov. 1982, p.1 [81] Audio CD – Glenferrie Brass archives [82] King Island News (Currie, King Island) – 13 Feb. 1985, p.8 [83] Band News (Kogarah, NSW) – April 1986, p.1 [84] Certificate – 27-28 Feb. 1988 - Glenferrie Brass archives [85] Certificate – Glenferrie Brass archives [86] Concert program – Glenferrie Brass archives [87] 1990-91-93-94-95-99 [88] Canberra Times (ACT) – 3 Aug. 1995, p.34 [89] Herald Sun (Melbourne, Vic.) – 25 Apr. 1994 [90] RAAF News – 1 Aug. 1997, p.15 [91] Herald Sun (Melbourne, Vic.) – 24 Mar. 1999, p.17 [92] Australia’s Band World (Kangaroo Flat, Vic.) – May 1998, p.3 [93] www.brassbandresults.co.uk [94] Australia’s Band World (Kangaroo Flat, Vic.) – Sept. 2003, p.10 [95] Ibid. – May 2004, p.1 [96] Progress Leader (Hawthorn, Vic.) – 29 Mar. 2005, p.7 [97] Ibid. – 5 Apr. 2005, p.3 [98] Certificate – 16 Aug. 2008 – Glenferrie Brass archives [99] Portland Observer (Vic.) – 11 April 2008, p.19 [100] Australia’s Band World (Kangaroo Flat, Vic.) – July 2006, p.9 [101] Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal
Sources: Glenferrie Brass archives Boroondara Library Service “A History of Hawthorn” by V. Peel, D. Zion & J. Yule, Melbourne University Press, 1993 Hawthorn Historical Society Newsletter, September 2004 Australia’s Band World magazine, Kangaroo Flat, Vic. – various editions Jack Marchingo collection Private research undertaken by Ted Cousins (courtesy of Walter Woods) Lew Zillies collection Gwen McWilliam (Hawthorn historian) Dr. John Whiteoak collection Max Hunter collection Les Williams collection Geoff Palmer collection Kevin Morgan collection Peter Sykes (ex-MD) Personal memories of past band members Author’s personal memories & archive | 
